philip ii of spain

A… Reconstitution of armor suit Painted by Titian. Philip II (Spanish: Felipe II «el Prudente»; 21 May 1527 – 13 September 1598) was King of Spain from 1556 and of Portugal from 1581 (as Philip I, Filipe I). Emperor Charles V and his son Philip II, sardonyx cameo by Leone Leoni, 1550; in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City. Philip II of Spain (May 21, 1527 – September 13, 1598) was, starting in 1556, king of Spain, and Burgundy, the Netherlands, Naples, Sicily, and overseas Spanish America. Philip II of Spain. He was also Duke of Milan, and from 1555, lord of the Seventeen Provinces of the Netherlands. It was no exaggeration, for in the case of Juan de Escobedo, the secretary of Don John of Austria, Philip even consented to murder. King Of Spain, Portugal, Naples, Sicily And While Married To Mary I, King Of England And Ireland. Painting of Philip II of Spain Born 21 May 1527 and died 13 September 1598. He was Catholic.His rule was filled with troubles. Died: September 13, 1598. Philip II of Spain, the diurnal South-western quadrant, consisting of the 7th, 8th and 9th houses, prevails in your chart: this sector brings about a thirst for communication and sometimes a need to take risks in your dealings with others. Philip was the self-proclaimed protector of the Roman Catholic Church. Anthony Ruggiero explains how Mary’s marriage to King Philip II of Spain and England’s role in the ongoing struggle between France and Spain ultimately led to the fall of Calais (England’s territory in modern-day France) and greatly undermined Mary. He's best known for his soft baritone voice and for singles like "The Christmas Song," "Mona Lisa" and "Nature Boy.". Philip Ii 1527 To 1598. 1515 - d. Madrid 1589) served Cosimo II de' Medici as gem-cutter. Philip II married four times and was four times a widower. King Philip II of Spain with three of his wives—Elizabeth of Valois (left), Anna of Austria, and Maria of Portugal (right)—and his son, Don Carlos (behind), from. The Estates General of the seven United Provinces passed an Oath of Abjuration of the Spanish king, who was also Sovereign of the Netherlands, in 1581 following the Union of Utrecht of 1579. King of Spain and Portugal. The atmosphere of the Spanish court did much to poison the whole Spanish system of government, and this played no small part in causing the Eighty Years’ War (1568–1648) and the rebellions of the Moriscos of Granada (1568–70) and the Aragonese (1591–92). King Philip II of Spain, also known as Philip the Prudent, ruled one of the world's largest empires. Mary Tudor became Queen of England in 1553. This political marriage gave Spain an indirect influence on affairs of England, recently restored to Catholicism ; but in 1555 Philip was summoned to the Low Countries, and Mary's death in the same year [actually in 1558 -- Ed. ] From 1555, he was lord of the Seventeen Provinces of the Netherlands. Philip’s subjects outside Castile, thus, never saw him, and they gradually turned not only against his ministers but also against him. Philip’s first marriage was to Maria of Portugal (1527–1545). She died in 1545, giving birth to the ill-fated Don Carlos. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); Subscribe to the Biography newsletter to receive stories about the people who shaped our world and the stories that shaped their lives. Philip II was born on May 21, 1527, in Valladolid, Spain. Despite being married four times and siring eight children, Philip II was plagued with concern for the succession. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Philip II (Spanish: Felipe II; Portuguese: Filipe I ; 21 May 1527 – 13 September 1598) was King of Spain, Portugal, Naples, Sicily, and, while married to Mary I, King of England and Ireland. During his marriage to Queen Mary I (1554–58), he … Philip II of Spain. In 1555 Charles resigned the Netherlands to Philip. On October 25, 1555, Charles resigned the Netherlands in Philip’s favour and on January 16, 1556, the kingdoms of Spain and the Spanish overseas empire. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Philip-II-king-of-Spain-and-Portugal, History Learning Site - Biography of Phillip II, Spartacus Educational - Biography of Philip II of Spain, Heritage History - Biography of Philip II, Philip II - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Philip II - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Philip was painstaking and conscientious in his cravings for ever more information, hiding an inability to distinguish between the important and the trivial and a temperamental unwillingness to make decisions. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. His third wife, Elizabeth of Valois, bore him two daughters. From time to time, the emperor wrote Philip secret memoranda, impressing on him the high duties to which God had called him and warning him against trusting any of his advisers too much. Absolutism -​Philip II of Spain 5. From 1543 Charles conferred on his son the regency of Spain whenever he himself was abroad. See more ideas about Spain, Portrait, History. Corrections? Nationality: Occupation: Biography: Philip II of Spain was King of Castile as Philip II and King of Naples, Aragon, Sicily, and Portugal as Philip I. Elizabeth died in 1568, and in 1570 Philip married Anna of Austria, daughter of his first cousin the emperor Maximilian II. He became the head of an empire that was expanded by his son and successor, Alexander the Great. As a ruler, Philip was stubborn, bitter, and paranoid—and his court was no better. Philip II of Spain. Apart from a daughter and a son most of his children predeceased him. | ma-shops.com März 1621 ebenda) war ein Monarch aus der spanischen Linie des Hauses Habsburg (Casa de Austria).. She died in 1580. Even the popes found it sometimes difficult to distinguish between Philip’s views as to what was the service of God and what the service of the Spanish monarchy. All work was done on paper, on the basis of consultas (that is, memoranda, reports, and advice presented him by his ministers). He was born in Valladolid, and was the only son of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and his wife to live until he was an adult. Later he worked for Philip II of Spain in the Netherlands (1555-1559) and in Madrid (1559-death). Online marketplace with ancient + world coins, paper money + more. Philip had classic works translated into Spanish for him and was fond of music. Philip, the only son of Emperor Charles V, was born in Valladolid in 1527. Henry VIII, king of England, was famously married six times and played a critical role in the English Reformation, turning his country into a Protestant nation. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us! King Philip II of Spain, also known as Philip the Prudent, ruled one of the world's largest empires. At this time Philip was in the Netherlands. – spanisch Felipe III – (* 14. Known in Spain as “Philip the Prudent,” his empire included territories on every continent then known to Europeans, including his namesake the Philippine Islands. https://www.biography.com/royalty/philip-ii. Born on May 21, 1527 Philip II of Spain was the only son of Charles V, who was the King of Spain and the Holy Roman Emperor. After his return to Spain from the Netherlands in 1559, Philip never again left the Iberian Peninsula. Upon Philip’s death in 1598, his second son ascended the throne as Philip III. Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Philip II: old age and death Philip’s life was dominated by the urgent concern of his succession. The sculptor, gem-engraver and medallist Jacopo Nizzola Trezzo (b. Milan ca. Getty Images offers exclusive rights-ready and premium royalty-free analog, HD, and 4K video of the highest quality. The lavish wedding ceremony was celebrated at Winchester Cathedral on July 25. Updates? Our solution will help you finish your crossword. It should be noted that the Netherlands were at this time a personal union under King Philip as he was lord of each separate Dutch Province (e.g. Charles II was the monarch of England, Scotland and Ireland during much of the latter half of the 17th century, marking the Restoration era. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Philip II, King of Spain, was born at Valladolid on the 21st of May 1527. philipp ii. It was Philip’s intention to stay in England for a week or two and then travel to the Low Countries to deliver the army he brought from Spain. He was tutored by Juan Martínez Siliceo – the future Archbishop of Toledo. A deeply religious man, he subsequently made an offer of marriage to Elizabeth after Mary's death, with the proviso that she must convert to Roman Catholicism. Duke of Guelre and Count of Holland) The rebel leader, William I, Prince of Orange (William the Silent) was outlawed by Philip, and assassinated in 1584 by a Catholic fanatic after Philip h… Philip II (Spanish: Felipe II «el Prudente»; 21 May 1527 – 13 September 1598) was King of Spain from 1556 and of Portugal from 1581 (as Philip I, Filipe I).From 1554 he was King of Naples and Sicily as well as Duke of Milan.During his marriage to Queen Mary I (1554–58), he was also King Consort of England and Ireland. Philip II of Spain was the ruler of one of the largest empires in the history of the world. April 1578 in Madrid; † 31. Philip II Spain, Philip II Spain MA Coin shops. In 1540 Charles gave the duchy of Milan to Philip. The Philippines are named after him. King Philip II of Spain, also known as “Philip, The Prudent” who ruled one of the largest empires of the world, The Spanish Empire. Philip, a very dutiful son, took this advice to heart. Under his reign there began the Spanish Empires Golden Age, where enhancement of music, literature and visual art perplexed. The Habsburg dominions in Germany and the imperial title went to his uncle Ferdinand I. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. As a child, Philip sometimes received secret memoranda from his father reminding him of the responsibility he bore as his father’s successor and warning him to be wary of advisers. Later he would study with more illustrious tutors, includin… Despite being involved in such a multi-cultural dynasty, Philip was largely raised in Spain and came to see himself as a Spaniard first and foremost. The sack of Antwerp (November 4, 1576) by Spanish troops during the Eighty Years' War. The son of his first wife, Maria of Portugal, died in prison in 1568. His earliest medal is dated 1550. The Spanish empire under Philip prospered: it attained its greatest power, extent, and influence. © 2021 Biography and the Biography logo are registered trademarks of A&E Television Networks, LLC. von spanien (1527-1598), könig von spanien - king philip ii of spain stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbole Spanish Armada. Philip II (half-length). In Madrid, or in the gloomy magnificence of his monastic palace of El Escorial, which he built (1563–84) on the slopes of the Sierra de Guadarrama, the king worked alone in his small office, giving his decisions or, as often, deferring them. By Linda Alchin https://plus.google.com/+LindaAlchin?rel=authorhttp://www.elizabethan-era.org.uk philip ii of macedon (382-336 bc) loses his right eye - philip ii of spain stock illustrations Portrait of Philip II of Habsburg , first king of Spain from 1556 to 1598. This was coupled with an almost pathological suspicion of even his most able and faithful servants. Philip II of Spain David Kim Philip Cho Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Philip’s spare and elegant appearance is known from the famous portraits by Titian and by Sir Anthony More. However, this was to be of brief duration, as his young wife died giving birth to her first child. Philip displayed reasonable aptitude in arms and letters alike. There were several attempts by Protestant to overthrow Mary. To accomplish the task set him by God of preserving his subjects in the true Catholic religion, Philip felt in duty bound to use his royal powers, if need be, to the point of the most ruthless political tyranny, as he did in the Netherlands. Edward VIII became king of the United Kingdom following the death of his father, George V, but ruled for less than a year. By Linda Alchin https://plus.google.com/+LindaAlchin?rel=authorhttp://www.elizabethan-era.org.uk It represents the bust of King Philip II. Philip was born in Valladolid on the May 21, 1527, and was the only legitimate son of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, by his wife Isabella of Portugal. Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, is the husband of Queen Elizabeth II, the father of Prince Charles and the grandfather of Prince Harry and Prince William. His methods have become famous. Philip II (1527-98), King of Spain; the Husband of Mary Tudor Letter (in Spanish) signed "Yo El Rey", to the Marques de Ayamonte, Governor of Milan. He was educated by Roman Catholic clergymen, whose influence shaped his policies as king. In 1556 Charles resigned the kingdoms of Spain, the Spanish overseas empire, and the Franche-Comté to Philip. Philipp III. Certified Dealers. The tragic fate of his first son Don Carlos and the unpromising development of his heir, Philip, (later Philip III) very nearly led to the Spanish dynasty dying out at the height of its power. Its successes, however, were also great. Relations are a factor of your evolution and your transformation, which you accept serenely. Omissions? Philip II (Spanish: Felipe II; 21 May 1527 – 13 September 1598) was King of Spain from 1556 to 1598 and of Portugal from 1581 to 1598 (as Philip I, Filipe I). Azores-Wikipedia. Wählen Sie aus erstklassigen Bildern zum Thema Philip Ii Of Spain in höchster Qualität. He was a lover of books and pictures, and Spain’s literary Golden Age began in his reign. Gerald Ford became the 38th president of the United States following Richard Nixon's resignation, in the aftermath of the Watergate scandal. In 1543 he married Mary of Portugal but she died in 1546 giving birth to their son, Don Carlos. Philip's mother died as the result of a miscarriage when he was twelve.Outside of schooling, Philip enjoyed hunting. In 1583, Philip II of Spain, as king of Portugal, sent his fleet to clear the Azores of a combined multinational force of adventurers, mercenaries, volunteers and soldiers who were attempting to establish the Azores as a staging post for a rival pretender to the Portuguese throne. Find professional Philip Ii Of Spain videos and stock footage available for license in film, television, advertising and corporate uses. He was succeeded by Queen Elizabeth II in 1952. Elizabeth of France, Married 1559 - 1568. Philip was prepared to succeed Charles almost from birth. He was close to his mother, though his father was often absent. He was married to Marie Antoinette and was executed for treason by guillotine in 1793. Emeritus Professor of History, King's College, University of London. Louis XVI was the last king of France (1774–92) in the line of Bourbon monarchs preceding the French Revolution of 1789. The failures of Philip’s government were great: it failed to suppress the revolt of the Netherlands (beginning in 1566), and it sacrificed the “Invincible Armada” to the English in 1588. Español: Felipe II, rey de España (1527 - 1598). We strive for accuracy and fairness. After the victory over the French at Saint-Quentin (1557), the sight of the battlefield gave him a permanent distaste for war, though he did not shrink from it when he judged it necessary. Philip II, King of Spain (1527-1598), Husband of Mary I. Sitter associated with 27 portraits The son of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, Philip married Mary I against the wishes of Parliament and people in 1554. Oil on canvas, copy of an original by Titian , 78x108 cm. He was also Duke of Milan, and from 1555, lord of the Seventeen Provinces of the Netherlands. King Philip II reigned over Spain from 1554-1598 and this coincided with the peak of Spanish greatness. Finden Sie perfekte Illustrationen zum Thema Philip Ii Of Spain von Getty Images. Find the perfect King Philip Ii Of Spain stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. Français : Philippe II, roi d'Espagne (1527 - 1598). His empire in Europe, now without the imperial title, was still only a loose union of independent states recognizing the same head. The Philippines, a former Spanish colony, are named after him. Philip II of Spain (May 21, 1527 – September 13, 1598) was, starting in 1556, king of Spain, and Burgundy, the Netherlands, Naples, Sicily, and overseas Spanish America.He was born in Valladolid, and was the only son of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and his wife to live until he was an adult. Elizabeth of France was the daughter of Henry II of France … An affectionate father to his daughters, he lived an austere and dedicated life. Select from premium King Philip Ii Of Spain of the highest quality. Philip was the son of the Holy Roman emperor Charles V and Isabella of Portugal. Philip fathered a son by his fourth wife and cousin, Anna of Austria. In Portugal and Aragon he was known as Felipe... king philip ii of spain - philip ii of spain stock illustrations. Philip was a member of the Habsburg Dynasty, a powerful family that ruled many nations in Europe, including Germany, Spain, the Netherlands, and Austria. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Alliances (also consider marriages to other members of royal families) Philip II had alliances with Austria, England (under Mary I), Venice, Malta, Mary I. England became an enemy to him as soon as he got control of Portugal and he was rising in terms of Spanish power. Philip II When Charles abdicated his various lands (1555–56), Philip II (1556–98) succeeded to all his father’s dominions except Germany. From Madrid he ruled his empire through his personal control of official appointments and all forms of patronage. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. King Philip II of Spain was born at Valladolid in Spain on 13 Sep 1598. A proxy marriage was performed in March and after a long delay, Philip left Spain on July 13. Select from premium King Philip Ii Of Spain of the highest quality. The son of Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire and his wife, Infanta Isabella of Portugal, Philip II of Spain was born in 1527. He was the son of the emperor Charles V, and of his wife Isabella of Portugal, who were first cousins. Charles gradually increased Philip’s responsibilities as he aged. The marriages of Philip II, king of Spain, highlight the roles that women were expected to play in royal marriages of the time. Von 1598 bis 1621 war er als Felipe III König von Spanien und des angehörigen Weltreiches, als Filippo II König von Sizilien und Neapel, sowie als Filipe II König von Portugal und als Filippo II König von Sardinien His reign as Spain's king began the Golden Age, a period of great cultural growth in literature, music and the visual arts. Philip II of Spain. From 1554 he was King of Naples and Sicily as well as Duke of Milan. The son of Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire and his wife, Infanta Isabella of Portugal, Philip II of Spain was born in 1527. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. severed the connection between the two countries. Philip II of Spain Philip, the only son of Emperor Charles V, was born in Valladolid in 1527. Nat King Cole became the first African American performer to host a variety TV series in 1956. 1 page folio [283x207 mm] countersigned by Philip's Secretary of State Antonio Perez, and with address, contemporary endorsements and paper seal on the verso [as well as two modern ink stamps by an Italian dealer]. Miniature image of King Philip II of Spain and Queen Mary I of England . George VI served as king of the United Kingdom during World War II and was an important symbolic leader. https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/philip-ii-of-spain-33583.php Under Philip, the Ottomans were defeated (1571), the spread of Protestantism in Italy and Spain was prevented, and a literary Golden Age began. Philip’s third marriage, with Elizabeth of Valois, daughter of Henry II of France, in 1559, was the result of the Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis (1559), which, for a generation, ended the open wars between Spain and France. Her only surviving son became Philip III. Philip eventually succeeded to all but one of his father’s dominions. Philip II was a member of the Habsburg dynasty. From 1554 he was King of Naples and Sicily as well as Duke of Milan. The son of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, and his wife, Isabella of Portugal, Philip was born in the Spanish capital of Valladolid on 21 May 1527 at Palacio de Pimentel owned by Don Bernardino Pimentel (the first Marqués de Távara). Philip II is remembered both for his failures and for his successes. Philip was the son of Charles V—the reigning Holy Roman emperor—and Isabella of Portugal. As a result, Philip’s court became notorious for the bitterness of its faction fights. Philip II, engraving by Christopher van Sichem. He was also the King of England through his marriage to Mary Tudor for four years. Elizabeth bore Philip two daughters, Isabella Clara Eugenia (1566–1633) and Catherine Micaela (1567–97). Philip II (Spanish: Felipe II; 21 May 1527 – 13 September 1598) was King of Spain (1556–1598), King of Portugal (1580–1598, as Philip I, Portuguese: Filipe I), King of Naples and Sicily (both from 1554), and jure uxoris King of England and Ireland (during his marriage to Queen Mary I from 1554 to 1558). Philip received his education in Spain. Our site is based on a vast data base which updates daily and can assist in solving hints appearing in diverse publications every day. Born: May 21, 1527. He sought to limit the spread of Protestantism, and he ultimately completed the work of unification begun by Ferdinand and Isabella (the “Catholic Monarchs”) in the Iberian Peninsula. He was also Duke of Milan. of Spain. In 1554 Philip married Mary I of England and became joint sovereign of England until Mary’s death, without issue, in 1558. He was also Duke of Milan from 1540. King Philip II of Spain and Mary I of England - the pair married in 1554. A Bible (1569)—written in Hebrew, Aramaic, Greek, and Latin—that was subsidized by Philip II of Spain. By sheer hard work Philip tried to overcome the defects of this system. His tutor, Dr. Juan Martinez Pedernales, who latinized his name to Siliceo, and who was also his confessor, does not appear to have done his duty very thoroughly. If you’ve been looking for the answer to Mary I married Philip II of Spain in this cathedral in 1554, we’re happy to share that you can find it here with us. Margaret of Parma, the duke of Alba, Don John of Austria, Antonio Pérez, and Alessandro Farnese—to name only the most distinguished—suffered disgrace. It is based on a cameo by Jacopo da Trezzo. Yet the “black legend” that in Protestant countries represented Philip II as a monster of bigotry, ambition, lust, and cruelty is certainly false. Find the perfect King Philip Ii Of Spain stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. Philip II was King of Spain, King of Portugal, King of Naples and Sicily, and jure uxoris King of England and Ireland. | Since 2005. He abdicated the throne in order to marry his lover, Wallis Simpson, thereafter taking the title Duke of Windsor. Philip II, (born May 21, 1527, Valladolid, Spain—died September 13, 1598, El Escorial), king of the Spaniards (1556–98) and king of the Portuguese (as Philip I, 1580–98), champion of the Roman Catholic Counter-Reformation. Shortly afterward Philip also received the Franche-Comté. All of the marriages helped foster political alliances – either with other countries with whom Spain wanted peace in the interest of building more Spanish influence and power, or with closer relatives to keep the power of Spain, and the Habsburg family, strong. His second wife, Mary I of England, bore him no children. Philip II, (born May 21, 1527, Valladolid, Spain—died September 13, 1598, El Escorial), king of the Spaniards (1556–98) and king of the Portuguese (as Philip I, 1580–98), champion of the Roman Catholic Counter-Reformation. Philip II reigned over Macedonia from 359 to 336 B.C. Nothing is known of his order of work, but all his contemporaries agreed that his methods dangerously, and sometimes fatally, slowed down a system of government already notorious for its dilatoriness. During his marriage to Queen Mary I (1554–58), he was also King of England and Ireland. Mary Tudor became Queen of England in 1553. Known in Spain as “Philip the Prudent,” his empire included territories on every continent then known to Europeans, including his namesake the Philippine Islands. Philip contracted four marriages. During his marriage to Queen Mary I, he was King of England and Ireland and pretender to the kingdom of France. English: Philip II, king of Spain (1527 - 1598). King Philip II (Spanish: Felipe II) of Spain, also known as Philip the Prudent or Philip II of the House of Habsburg, was unarguably the most important ruler in Spanish history. He served as king of the Spaniards from 1556 to 1598 and as king of the Portuguese (as Philip I) from 1580 to 1598. During his reign the Spanish empire attained its greatest power, extent, and influence, though he failed to suppress the revolt of the Netherlands (beginning in 1566) and lost the “Invincible Armada” in the attempted invasion of England (1588). It was under his reign that Spain reached the height of its influence and power, and also of its artistic, literary, and musical excellence. The first was with his cousin Maria of Portugal in 1543. “You may assure His Holiness,” Philip wrote to his ambassador in Rome, in 1566, “that rather than suffer the least damage to religion and the service of God, I would lose all my states and an hundred lives, if I had them; for I do not propose nor desire to be the ruler of heretics.” This remark may be regarded as the motto of his reign. Author of, Protestantism: The expansion of the Reformation in Europe. It was slow and ineffective, prone to factionalism and infighting. Philip II of Spain (Spanish: Felipe II; 21 May 1527 – 13 September 1598), called "the Prudent" (el Prudente), was King of Spain (1556–98), King of Portugal (1581–98, as Philip I, Filipe I), King of Naples and Sicily (both from 1554), and jure uxoris King of England and Ireland (during his marriage to Queen Mary I from 1554–58). In 1543 he married Mary of Portugal but she died in 1546 giving birth to their son, Don Carlos. Jan 14, 2016 - Explore Roula Yasin's board "Philip II of Spain", followed by 55080 people on Pinterest. Philip II (Spanish: Felipe II; Portuguese: Filipe I ; 21 May 1527 – 13 September 1598) was King of Spain, Portugal, Naples, Sicily, and, while married to Mary I, King of England and Ireland. From 1548 until 1551, Philip traveled in Italy, Germany, and the Netherlands, but his great reserve and his inability to speak fluently any language except Castilian made him unpopular with the German and Flemish nobility.
Dermot Morgan Son, Matthew 22 36-40 Meaning, The Snow Queen: Mirrorlands, You Can't Beat God Giving, The Battle Of Thunder Pass, Jesse Hogan Stroke, Princess Of Mars, Prince Hassan Bin Talal Family,